Money should not be an issue to receive treatment Marisel Diaz Essay

Introduction The Healthcare Reform policy sounds very complicated, even for our House of Representatives, which has been dealing with it for the past years. And for regular citizens, it is extremely complex to understand as well. During the Progressive Era, President Theodore Roosevelt was a strong supporter of health insurance. He believed that â€Å"no country could be strong whose people were sick and poor.† These days, we also have someone who shares the same philosophy, Senator Bernie Sanders, who is advocating for Universal Healthcare. I also share the same idea as Senator Sanders, that if we need to fix the Healthcare system, it should be in order to improve the life of all, not only of those who are able to afford it.   Despite the efforts of President Barack Obama, 27.6 million Americans still are without health insurance today (Kaiser, pg. 1). The insurance system is very complicated America’s Healthcare system has different kinds of insurance. For instance, life insurance, car insurance, home insurance; but only healthcare insurance becomes more complicated and more expensive. Currently, the United States uses a combination of public and private healthcare, and the cost is one of the highest in the world. Insurance. Is a contract between the insurer and insured, whereby the insurer undertakes to pay the insured a fixed amount in exchange of a fixed sum (premium) on the happening of a certain event (like at in a certain age or at death), or compensate the actual loss when it takes place, due to the risk insured. High prices for premiums. The amount health insurance companies charge each month for coverage. It must be paid every month, regardless of whether you use the services or not. For instance, premiums can be paid by the employers, shared by both the employees and the insured, and the plan’s sponsor. Deductibles. The deductible is a level expenditure that must be incurred before any benefits are paid out. Health insurance policies generally have yearly deductibles, which is less effective in removing moral hazard (Dewar, pg. 59). Coinsurance. Coinsurance is the proportion of the total expenditure that is paid by the insured. Coinsurance helps to reduce the moral hazard factor for the insured who has spent more than his or her deductible because healthcare is not free to the consumer (Dewar, pg. 59) Today, 27 million people have no health insurance The majority of people who are left uninsured are from low-income families or even moderate-income families that simply cannot afford the high prices of insurance, do not have the option of obtaining insurance through their jobs, live in states where Medicaid was not expanded, or simply are immigrants who are not eligible for coverage. A solution to the high prices of health care and uninsured citizens would be the adoption of a universal healthcare system. For instance, Canada has a national health insurance program, which is basically a government-run health insurance system covering the entire population. Universal care has proven to be less expensive and would likely improve health care access and outcomes for Americans (Gleason & Ridic, pg. 4). In addition, nationalized health care is a logical, moral imperative for the U.S., and it should be a right, not a privilege. One of the advantages of adopting a national health insurance will be the significant economic advantage because the entire population will have access to health care regardless of money. Most cases of bankruptcy are not caused by reckless spending. According to Deb.org, most citizens claim bankruptcy by financial hardship, and many of them are low-income individuals who cannot afford to pay unexpected major expenses, for instance, due to job losses or medical bills. According to a study published in early 2005, 46 percent of bankruptcies were related to outstanding medical conditions. For example, medical expenses not covered by insurance, or losing at least two weeks’ worth of work because of illness (Krulick, 2012). Additionally, copayments will be insignificant to pay. Citizens will not be filing for bankruptcy due to lack of money. Another advantage will be that physicians will receive payments on a negotiated fee service, and hospitals will receive global budget payments. Cons of adopting Universal Healthcare (Single payer system) In order to see the cons of the system, we should take a look at the outcomes and technology. I will remark that financial barrier does not exist. A research shows that approximately fifty-six percent of the respondents in Canada believed their health care system requires minor changes, and only five percent of the population think that Canada’s healthcare system needs complete rebuilding (Blendon, Leitman & Morrison, pg. 7).   Overall, Canadians are very content with their healthcare system.  The waiting list for diagnosis and surgery exist in Canada. The U.S. could experience waiting lists as well. The reason why Canada has been experiencing a waiting list could be because the government is currently spending less on healthcare than in other years. However, when Taiwan made the switch, wait times were not an issue. This could be different depending on the size of our population and how many people would utilize care once it is available to them. Higher taxes. Canada tax system represents the main revenue. Many of the benefits that Canadians enjoy are made possible through taxes. For instance, the government provides roads, schools, healthcare, social security, public safety, and others benefits to low-income families, charities, students, seniors, and people with disabilities. Tax revenues provide social benefits. Old age security, Canada child tax, working income tax, universal child care benefits. Canadian residents support their tax system by paying their fair share of taxes, and in return, they benefit from the programs and services provided by their government. Importation of drugs from other countries. Senator Bernie Sanders proposes a â€Å"rule that would allow pharmaceutical companies to charge fair prices for drugs developed with taxpayer-backed research.† It sounds very logical since all citizens are paying for it, prices for American citizens should be more economical. In 2013, per capita, spending on prescription drugs was $858 compared with an average of $400 for nineteen other industrialized nations (Kesselheim & Ross, pg. 12). We should be able to negotiate prescription drug prices. According to GoodRx discount, a 30-tablet supply of Invokana at a 100 mg dose will set you back $411 at Walgreens in the U.S., even with a coupon. Meanwhile, a month’s supply of that same dose of Invokana in Canada costs about $234. Having a competition in the market helps to reduce prices and open choices for patients or consumers. Importing prescription drugs from other countries will help to lower the prices and improve the quality as well. Another way could be, perhaps, the use of technology such as virtual doctor appointments. Innovation is a risk, but we will never know if we do not try it out. Additionally, the life style would be improved. Reducing poverty in the U.S. should be the most important thing to do. Inequities in the structure of societal resources vary and can be striking. According to Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, â€Å"A population’s health is shaped 10% by the physical envi ronment, 20% by clinical health care (access and quality), 30% by health behaviors (themselves largely determined by social and physical environments), and 40% by social and economic factors.† (Senterfitt et al., 2013). Sometimes, the perception of paying more does not necessary means or makes things better. Conclusion: Despite having one of the best healthcare systems in the world, the bureaucracy that governs the healthcare industry has to be transformed to be more effective and to promote health, not just mitigate illnesses. References American Bankruptcy Institute. (2012). Annual Business and Non-business Filings by Year (1980-2011). Retrieved from http://www.abiworld.org/AM/AMTemplate.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=65139&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfmhttps://www.kff.org/uninsured/fact-sheet/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2545691?JamaNetworkReader=True&redirect=truehttps://www.cihi.ca/en/nhex_2014_report_en.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633404/Senterfitt, J.W., Long, A., Shih, M., & Teutsch, S.M. (2013). How Social and Economic Factors Affect Health. Social Determinants of Health, Issue no.1. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. https://berniesanders.com/issues/medicare-for-all/#more.

Combating Compassion Fatigue

Running Head: Combating Compassion Fatigue Combating Compassion Fatigue Raynell Giron Grand Canyon University HLT 310V Sep. 29th, 2012 Combating Compassion Fatigue This writer will define and identify the keys components to compassion fatigue. This writer will also expound upon the warning signs of compassion fatigue and some interventions that can be put into place by the care giver to help avoid compassion fatigue.This writer will further give some helpful coping skills that can be used to manage compassion fatigue and the resources a care giver can turn too in the event they experience compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue has been defined as a combination of physical, emotional, and spiritual depletion associated with caring for patients in significant emotional pain and physical distress (Anewalt, 2009). It can also include depression, apathy, and impaired judgement.It is considered a unique form of burnout that affects individuals in care giving roles (Lombardo, 2011). While c ompassion fatigue can sometimes be precipitated by burn out, that is not always the case. Burn out is defined as â€Å"a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishments that can occur among individuals who do ‘people work’ of some kind†Ã‚  (Maslach & Jackson, 1986, p. 1). While the symptoms of both are similar, the warning signs differ greatly. Some of the warning signs a care giver may be experiencing compassion atigue include work-related symptoms, physical symptoms, and emotional symptoms (Lombardo, 2011). Some of the work related symptoms may include avoidance or dread of working with certain patients, reduced ability to feel empathy towards patients or families, frequent use of sick days, and lack of joyfulness (Lombardo, 2011). Some of the physical warning signs include headaches, digestive problems, inability to sleep, insomnia, too much sleep, and cardiac symptoms such as chest pain/pressure, palpitations, and tachycardia (Lombardo, 2011).Emotional signs of compassion fatigue can include mood swings, restlessness, irritability, oversensitivity, anxiety, excessive use of substances like nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs, depression, anger and resentment, loss of objectivity, memory issues, poor concentration, focus, and judgment (Lombardo, 2011). While a care giver can experience any of the above symptoms at any time during their career, it is important to note that a combination of any of the above symptoms would be used to determine whether or not a person is experiencing compassion fatigue.Possible factors leading to compassion fatigue can be classified according to personality characteristics, previous exposure to trauma, empathy and emotional energy, response to stressors, and work/organizational characteristics (Sabo, 2011). Research clearly demonstrates that working with patients who are in pain, suffering, or at end of life may take a toll on the psychosocial health and well being of nurses (Sabo, 2011). To determine whether or not a health care giver is experiencing compassion fatigue an assessment tool has been developed.The following is a basic assessment that can be done by the nurse to help determine the risk of compassion fatigue. Description/evaluation of one’s work setting and working conditions; one’s tendency to become over involved; one’s usual coping strategies and management of life crises; one’s usual activities to replenish self physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually; and one’s openness for learning new skills to enhance personal and professional well being (Lombardo 2011). Some interventions that could be used to help reduce the incidence of ompassion fatigue include early recognition of signs and symptoms, staying physically fit, staying well rested, develop healthy and supportive relationships outside of the work environment, and implement diversions like journal writing, counseling, or enjoyable recreat ional activities to help combat compassion fatigue (Panos, 2007). One could also seek guidance from a mentor or counselor. Koloroutis (2007) identified three core relationships for transforming practice using relationship-based nursing including the nurse’s relationship with patients and families, the nurse’s relationship with self, and the nurse’s relationship with colleagues.The nurse’s relationship with self is a core concept in managing compassion fatigue. Nurses need to be assertive, to express personal needs and values, and to view work-life balance as an achievable outcome. This relationship with self is essential for optimizing one’s health, for being empathic with others, and for being a productive member of a work group within a healthcare facility (Lombardo, 2011). The coping strategies for dealing with compassion fatigue fall along the same line as those of prevention.If one were to find that one is experiencing compassion fatigue some coping strategies would include exercise, maintaining a personal life that includes healthy relationships, develop a sense of humor, set limits between work and home activities, and broaden your horizons. The Compassion Fatigue Awareness project has developed as a result of more and more care givers experiencing this trauma. This project gives resources for workshops, training, and counseling for care givers. ConclusionIn conclusion, compassion fatigue can take its toll on care givers and cause dissatisfaction for the care giver and their patients. It is imperative that care givers learn to recognize their limitations, know themselves on a spiritual level and just how much they are able to give of themselves in a work environment without over extending themselves which could then lead to compassion fatigue and/or burn out. It is also important for the care giver to implement strategies to help avoid burn out and compassion fatigue.These strategies could include those listed above as well as time for mediation at work, create a relaxing environment at work by transforming the work station, or just finding the time to discuss complex patient situations with supportive co-workers.References Anewalt, P. (2009). Fired up or burned out? Understanding the importance of professional boundaries in home health care hospice. Home Healthcare Nurse, 27(10), 591-597. Koloroutis, M. (2007). Relationship-based care: A model for transforming practice. Minneapolis, MN: Creative Health Care Management, Inc. Lombardo, B. , Eyre, C. , (Jan 31, 2011) â€Å"Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer†Ã‚  OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing  Vol. 16, No. 1, Manuscript 3. Retrieved Sept. 29th, 2012 from: http://www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-16-2011/No1-Jan-2011/Compassion-Fatigue-A-Nurses-Primer. html Maslach, C. , & Jackson, S. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual  (2 ed. ). Palo Alto: Consult ing Psychologists Press. Panos, A (February, 2007). Promoting resiliency in trauma workers. Poster presented at the 9th World Congress on Stress, Trauma, and Coping, Baltimore, MD. Sabo, B. , (Jan 31, 2011) â€Å"Reflecting on the Concept of Compassion Fatigue†OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing  Vol. 16, No. 1, Manuscript 1. Retrieved Sept. 29th, 2012 from: http://www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-16-2011/No1-Jan-2011/Concept-of-Compassion-Fatigue Combating Compassion Fatigue Running Head: Combating Compassion Fatigue Combating Compassion Fatigue Raynell Giron Grand Canyon University HLT 310V Sep. 29th, 2012 Combating Compassion Fatigue This writer will define and identify the keys components to compassion fatigue. This writer will also expound upon the warning signs of compassion fatigue and some interventions that can be put into place by the care giver to help avoid compassion fatigue.This writer will further give some helpful coping skills that can be used to manage compassion fatigue and the resources a care giver can turn too in the event they experience compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue has been defined as a combination of physical, emotional, and spiritual depletion associated with caring for patients in significant emotional pain and physical distress (Anewalt, 2009). It can also include depression, apathy, and impaired judgement.It is considered a unique form of burnout that affects individuals in care giving roles (Lombardo, 2011). While c ompassion fatigue can sometimes be precipitated by burn out, that is not always the case. Burn out is defined as â€Å"a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishments that can occur among individuals who do ‘people work’ of some kind†Ã‚  (Maslach & Jackson, 1986, p. 1). While the symptoms of both are similar, the warning signs differ greatly. Some of the warning signs a care giver may be experiencing compassion atigue include work-related symptoms, physical symptoms, and emotional symptoms (Lombardo, 2011). Some of the work related symptoms may include avoidance or dread of working with certain patients, reduced ability to feel empathy towards patients or families, frequent use of sick days, and lack of joyfulness (Lombardo, 2011). Some of the physical warning signs include headaches, digestive problems, inability to sleep, insomnia, too much sleep, and cardiac symptoms such as chest pain/pressure, palpitations, and tachycardia (Lombardo, 2011).Emotional signs of compassion fatigue can include mood swings, restlessness, irritability, oversensitivity, anxiety, excessive use of substances like nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs, depression, anger and resentment, loss of objectivity, memory issues, poor concentration, focus, and judgment (Lombardo, 2011). While a care giver can experience any of the above symptoms at any time during their career, it is important to note that a combination of any of the above symptoms would be used to determine whether or not a person is experiencing compassion fatigue.Possible factors leading to compassion fatigue can be classified according to personality characteristics, previous exposure to trauma, empathy and emotional energy, response to stressors, and work/organizational characteristics (Sabo, 2011). Research clearly demonstrates that working with patients who are in pain, suffering, or at end of life may take a toll on the psychosocial health and well being of nurses (Sabo, 2011). To determine whether or not a health care giver is experiencing compassion fatigue an assessment tool has been developed.The following is a basic assessment that can be done by the nurse to help determine the risk of compassion fatigue. Description/evaluation of one’s work setting and working conditions; one’s tendency to become over involved; one’s usual coping strategies and management of life crises; one’s usual activities to replenish self physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually; and one’s openness for learning new skills to enhance personal and professional well being (Lombardo 2011). Some interventions that could be used to help reduce the incidence of ompassion fatigue include early recognition of signs and symptoms, staying physically fit, staying well rested, develop healthy and supportive relationships outside of the work environment, and implement diversions like journal writing, counseling, or enjoyable recreat ional activities to help combat compassion fatigue (Panos, 2007). One could also seek guidance from a mentor or counselor. Koloroutis (2007) identified three core relationships for transforming practice using relationship-based nursing including the nurse’s relationship with patients and families, the nurse’s relationship with self, and the nurse’s relationship with colleagues.The nurse’s relationship with self is a core concept in managing compassion fatigue. Nurses need to be assertive, to express personal needs and values, and to view work-life balance as an achievable outcome. This relationship with self is essential for optimizing one’s health, for being empathic with others, and for being a productive member of a work group within a healthcare facility (Lombardo, 2011). The coping strategies for dealing with compassion fatigue fall along the same line as those of prevention.If one were to find that one is experiencing compassion fatigue some coping strategies would include exercise, maintaining a personal life that includes healthy relationships, develop a sense of humor, set limits between work and home activities, and broaden your horizons. The Compassion Fatigue Awareness project has developed as a result of more and more care givers experiencing this trauma. This project gives resources for workshops, training, and counseling for care givers. ConclusionIn conclusion, compassion fatigue can take its toll on care givers and cause dissatisfaction for the care giver and their patients. It is imperative that care givers learn to recognize their limitations, know themselves on a spiritual level and just how much they are able to give of themselves in a work environment without over extending themselves which could then lead to compassion fatigue and/or burn out. It is also important for the care giver to implement strategies to help avoid burn out and compassion fatigue.These strategies could include those listed above as well as time for mediation at work, create a relaxing environment at work by transforming the work station, or just finding the time to discuss complex patient situations with supportive co-workers.References Anewalt, P. (2009). Fired up or burned out? Understanding the importance of professional boundaries in home health care hospice. Home Healthcare Nurse, 27(10), 591-597. Koloroutis, M. (2007). Relationship-based care: A model for transforming practice. Minneapolis, MN: Creative Health Care Management, Inc. Lombardo, B. , Eyre, C. , (Jan 31, 2011) â€Å"Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer†Ã‚  OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing  Vol. 16, No. 1, Manuscript 3. Retrieved Sept. 29th, 2012 from: http://www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-16-2011/No1-Jan-2011/Compassion-Fatigue-A-Nurses-Primer. html Maslach, C. , & Jackson, S. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual  (2 ed. ). Palo Alto: Consult ing Psychologists Press. Panos, A (February, 2007). Promoting resiliency in trauma workers. Poster presented at the 9th World Congress on Stress, Trauma, and Coping, Baltimore, MD. Sabo, B. , (Jan 31, 2011) â€Å"Reflecting on the Concept of Compassion Fatigue†OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing  Vol. 16, No. 1, Manuscript 1. Retrieved Sept. 29th, 2012 from: http://www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-16-2011/No1-Jan-2011/Concept-of-Compassion-Fatigue

Identity in the Novel Deadly Unna

How does Blacky’s identity change with the death of Dumby Red? The novel Deadly Unna by Phillip Gwyne, addresses many issues including racism and identity. This book provides the opportunity to look at how friendship can change the way people view themselves and others throughout. Deadly Unna the main character, Blacky confronts issues such as racism, conformity and identity as part of growing up as a teenager in the port. Before Blacky became friends with Dumby, he went along with the crowd and conformed to the way the rest of the Port operated.Blacky is portrayed as a boy who doesn’t like to get in peoples way. He has different views about the Aborigines’, than the people in the port, but feels as if he has to conform to the way everyone else thinks to fit in. When Blacky and Dumby meet for the first time he automatically labels him as a ‘Nunga’ and jumps straight to conclusions about him because that is the way he has been brought up. His dad call s him a ‘gutless wonder which doesn’t really help his confidence and courage to stand up for what he believes in.However when Blacky gets to know Dumby, he is drawn to how confident and sure he is of himself. Blacky is jealous at first of how confident Dumby is and his ‘killer smile’. The people in the port have many racist beliefs toward Aborigines’. Even though Dumby was the best player, Arks still put Mark Arks at the top of the team list. ‘Top of the list was Mark Arks. The next name down was Dumby Red’s. ’ Most rumors come from the front pub. They are stories people have of what they think Aboriginals are like (e. g. the point sign full of bullet holes).The Aboriginals get treated unjustly in the community and the only time they are represented is when everyone comes together for the footy matches. When Dumby saves Blacky from the Thumper, Blacky really starts to like Dumby, but he doesn’t show it because he thinks he has to conform to what everyone else thinks ‘So I stopped hating Dumby’s guts. Except I still acted like I did. I was used to it, I suppose. It was easier to stay like that. ’ Blacky and Dumby become friends, and Blacky realizes the divide between the races is worse than what he originally thought.After Dumby dies Blacky decides to take action. He is fed up with the injustice in the town. He becomes confident enough about his identity not to conform and starts to stand up for what is right. An example of this is when he gathers all his siblings and goes to the bridge to get rid of the ‘BOONGS PISS OFF’ graffiti. This is a powerful moment in the story because it shows how Blacky is finally opening up and taking action on something he believes is wrong. He stops conforming to every ones’ views and attends Dumby’s funeral against what his father says.He realises what the Point is really like and that the Aboriginals are really nice normal people. Blacky wants to do something about the towns racist views, and feels uncomfortable to be part of it. By the end of the novel Blacky has faced very real problems such as conformity, racism and identity and has overcome major obstacles as part of growing up. Blacky becomes more confident and sure of who he is. Dumby changed his way of thinking, but Blacky took the action and started to believe in himself and have the courage fight for his beliefs.

Sony Corporation marketing strategy Research Paper

Sony Corporation marketing strategy - Research Paper Example †¢ At present, the company wants to launch its new product i.e. PlayStation 4 which is the extension of its existing product line †¢ Prior to introducing its new product, the company is required to follow and implement new product development strategy which would facilitate to identify the current market situation, competitors’ performance and changing consumer buying behaviour among others †¢ After analysing marketing mix strategies, it has been observed that the company’s new product possesses a wide variety of innovative features which are quite unique from its competitors, which offer similar kind of products †¢ In terms of pricing strategy, the company will follow the strategies of discounting price, competitive price and psychological pricing in order to attract the target market across the duration from launch to the upcoming five years †¢ Apart from these, the company also would offer trade discounts, seasonal allowances and also offer payment discounts to the consumers who deliver early cash before getting the product †¢ Additionally, the company will adopt certain distribution strategies in order to reach more market coverage for the next five years. Furthermore, it will also adopt certain promotional strategies which would facilitate to increase the sales for the next consecutive five years... Additionally, the company operates under four business segments such as electronics market, game, Motion pictures and music as part of entertainment and financial services. Since the past few years’, the company has continuously attained huge success through its unique business model and by developing effective capabilities that have facilitated the company to deliver innovative products and services as per the market needs (Sony Corporation, 2013). It has been viewed that the company has earned considerable reputation not only in its domestic market but also has attracted international customers through its unique products and services. Moreover, it offers a wide variety of products by emphasising upon different market segments by which the organisation has comprehend the exact needs of the products and services of the target market. Sony delivers electronic products such as LED TV, Smart TV, music system, mobile phones and also various gaming products including PlayStation ( Sony Corporation, 2013). It has been observed that the company has attained core competency particularly in its gaming market segment where it delivers unique gaming experiences along with affordable prices as compared to its rivals. This market segment helps the company to earn huge revenue in the past five fiscal years (Sony Corporation, 2013). The core objective of this study is to present a five year marketing plan for introducing a new product in the gaming segment i.e. PlayStation 4 by considering new product development and marketing mix strategies. Additionally, this discussion also aims to show the company’s new pricing, promotional mix and distribution strategies in order to launch this

Fiscal Tools of Central Banks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fiscal Tools of Central Banks - Essay Example Since a low stable inflation is mandatory for an optimal economic growth, one of the main roles of the central bank is to control the growth of money by controlling inflation which is attained by using monetary policy tools. According to early classical theories of inflation pertaining mostly to the growth of money, an increase in the supply of money by government forces is primarily responsible for increased inflation levels. However, the growth of money is a necessary prerequisite for the growth of money but it is not adequate on its own (Mankiw & Reis, 2002). Other factors that should be considered include the velocity of money because, in the absence of money expenditure, no inflation can occur. A good example of the importance of the velocity of money impact on inflation is when people possess money but instead of spending it, they hide the money in their homes. In such scenarios, there will be no effect on the present inflation levels.   Inflation is recorded when suppliers of goods and services increase the prices of their products by responding to the effects of aggregate demand in the economy. â€Å"The increase in aggregate demand has the effect of increasing aggregate supply† (total supply of all the services and products in the economy) (Dullien, 2004). Therefore, an increase in inflation levels is as a result of an increase in the demand which is relative to supply. A cycle is created as a result because when people acquire money they proceed to spend the money on a service or product and the money is transferred to the supplier of the good/service and the supplier, in turn, spends it turn on some else and an endless cycle continues. In this case, the government creates money which is cycled throughout the population endlessly.   

Quality of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality of Life - Essay Example According to a report by MSN Staff, the annual human development index for the year 2009 was released ranking Norway on the top of the list of 182 countries. The lowest ranking is awarded to Niger while Canada comes on the number 10th . The statistics of human development report and resources provide essential information about the human development index and other indicators . HDRO uses the statistics taken from international data agencies. Data sources are provided at the end of each table that can be matched to references in the bibliography . Different units are assigned different jobs. The Outreach and Advocacy Unit holds discussions with policy makers and encourages public debates, and functions in the direction of bringing change on the basis of ideas and analysis of the HDRs. Currently, Wynne Boelt is the Outreach Analyst and Marisol Sanjines is the Senior Outreach and Advocacy Advisor of the Unit. The criteria used in establishing the QoL index are different in UNDP and other private agencies. The human development index goes beyond GDP to a wider definition of quality of life. It maps overall human development that is estimated from long and healthy life, education -- to be estimated from adult education and raw admission data, and a well maintained living standard to be estimated by equality in buying capacity, PPP, and income. The index is not a complete entity in human development as it misses on other crucial parameters of gender and income inequality or not easy to measure definitions of human dignity and political freedom. The index is a wide mirror of human growth and the complicated relationship between income and living standard (Human Development Report 2009). Out of many variants of HDI, short-term policy change is affected by income and

International Corporate Finance - Business Report Essay

International Corporate Finance - Business Report - Essay Example This is because South Africa is one of the major producers of gold in the world. The Foreign Direct Investments policies of the country and a suitable market entry mode have been suggested in order to direct KM an entry path towards South Africa. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Background 5 Mission of King Minerals Limited (KM) 6 Outline of the Study 6 Country Risk Analysis 6 Political Risk Analysis 6 Government in South Africa 8 Government Policies for Mining Industry 8 Economic or Financial Risk Analysis 9 Gold Mining Contribution to GDP 10 Gold Mining Impacts on South Africa 12 Affect of Gold Mining on the Economic Condition 12 Taxation System for Mining Industry 13 Foreign Direct Investment 14 Conclusion and Recommendations 15 References 16 Bibliography 18 Introduction Background The study aims at conducting a country risk analysis to assist the Australian Investment Bank in advising about investment opportunities in South African gold mining industry. King M inerals Limited (KM), an Australian mineral firm wanted to float an ambitious program for exploring and extracting gold in Africa, so it is important to conduct an analysis of Africa and its gold mining industry. The political, social and economic record of South Africa to a large extent is influenced by the exploration of a glittering metal called Gold. The gold mining industry played a very significant role in the economy of South Africa, with respect to its employment opportunities, exports, financial growth and a huge contribution to the revenue generated from government tax. The gold mining industry contributed about 1.4 percent to the GDP of the country in the year 2004 (Kearney, 2012). However, in 2006, the prices of gold increased as the focus was mainly on productivity and cost. The production of local gold decreased by 7.5 percent, which was about 275 tons, but in spite of this the gold industry of South Africa is in the top most producer of gold in the global market, whic h is about 11.2 percent. Gold mining sector is critical for the South African economy. In the year 2006, this sector contributed R36.7 billion to the total export of South Africa, which was about 8.4 percent, and 1.1 percent of the GDP (Chamber of Mines of South Africa. 2008). The gold industry is also linked to the other developments in the country such as the infrastructure development, formation of capital, and also urbanization. The gold industry is taxed in a much different way that the other industries of South Africa. The taxes are imposed on a formula basis, while all the other mineral industries are taxed on a flat rate in case of income tax filings. However, the tax authorities in South Africa have decided to introduce revenue system that is based on royalty for imposing tax on the gold revenue mining. This regulation has been imposed since 2009 (PWC. 2012). Mission of King Minerals Limited (KM) King Minerals Limited (KM) is committed towards creating and delivering outsta nding values to the stakeholders through the development, exploration, and mining of gold and other valuable metals. Outline of the Study The study attempts to focus on the country risk analysis of South African gold mining sector and assess the various risk factors that need to be analyzed before developing a business proposal for exploration and mining activities in South Africa for gold. The study begins with a background of the gold mining industry of South

Disadvantages of examination- oriented education Essay

Disadvantages of examination- oriented education - Essay Example This raises concern that the focus on examinations in the education system may be defeating the very purpose of education. Disadvantages of Examination-Oriented Education The most-often faced criticism of an education-oriented system is that the examinations become the focal point of all the educational activities that a student goes through instead of merely being the means to an end. This focus on students’ performance in examinations has consequences on the curricula and the manner in which the curricula are taught to the children. The curricula in examination oriented education systems has become very rigid and based on a set of text books that become the Bible for the students. (1). The emphasis is more on imbibing this by the student by heart rather than understanding the subject matter. It will not be surprising that typo errors convert a chemistry textbook into a physics textbook and the physics examination taken by the student is actually a chemistry examination. Thin gs have come to such a pass that neither the educational education, nor the teacher, nor the student would notice it, for the concentration will be on the marks received on the paper. This situation gets even more aggravated, when the education administrators develop the content of the textbooks that are beyond the grasping ability of the average student and the teachers follow a uniform teaching approach. Interest in studies is lost, motivation to learn is absent and many students end up being labeled as low achievers owing to the poor marks they receive in their examination (1). The list of other demerits if attempted to explain like this could run into pages. In brief the disadvantages of examination oriented systems include the negative influence it has on the teaching of certain subjects and topics, on teaching and learning and attitudes of teachers, parents and students; and the neglect of more dynamic instructional methods. It leads to selective study habits in students and t he possible development of undesirable attitudes of amassing certificates through any means. This attitude also gets transferred to some parents. It offers the possibility of malpractices by students and teachers and others through copying and the leakage of pre-set question papers, and the like. Examinations test only the cognitive abilities of children, and ignore the affective and psychomotor domains of students. Students face stereo-typed questions allowing them to be selective in the study of topics in a subject to attain the level of marks desired. Higher objectives of education in the form of application, synthesis and analysis are ignored through the use of examinations and the sole deciding criterion of knowledge and skills attainment levels. Scoring low in examinations carries with the possibility of being looked down upon in peer groups and in student and other social circles. (2). Possible Solutions There are only two possible solutions. The first is to do away with eval uation process in education, through which the examination system has crept. Leave it to the students to attain their desired level of competencies in subjects of their choice, based on what they intend to with their lives after their formal education. Teachers, parents and friends can act as counselors and motivational mentors in this exercise. In case they find them short of knowledge

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the company wants to attract more international tourists to earn revenue in the 1st year. Some more objectives are presented in the study. The mission of Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is to provide top quality tourism services to the customers. They will focus on the 100% customer satisfaction and provide services on time. They are confident that the service of the company will exceed the traveler’s expectation. Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is going to start their tourism business in the market of Spain. The company will provide attractive tourist packages to its customers which includes various tourist destinations in Spain. The company gives the promise to understand their travel needs and design as per the criteria for individuals, groups and corporate. The company is small in size consists of 3 shareholders and the division of shares is 40%, 30%, and 30%. The company has one director, one managing director, one secretar y and a few more efficient employees to run the business. This company will provide community-based tourism to its clients. The services which they will provide must be quality based services. Their services include- all transfers, hotel and accommodation booking, all tours within Spain, Transport by private cars, trains, coach etc., and services of knowledgeable, well-trained guides who know the major languages in the world. The products the company will offer and the services they have designed to offer after keeping the customer’s priority in mind. Spain is the world leader in the holiday tourism and the cultural tourism is also growing steadily over the last few years. Museums, monuments, Aqueduct of Segovia, La Concha, Running of the Bulls, Palacio Real etc are the special attraction of Spain which also are included in the packages which are going to offer by this company.

Letter to the crown and the judge of the court Assignment

Letter to the crown and the judge of the court - Assignment Example Hence, I promise never to get involved in such scenario again. I believe that the main objective of your department is to offer correction although there are some aspects of punishments attached to it. However, I believe that you consider the corrective mandate of the department more than its disciplinary requirement. I also believe that you value offering support to people who value living a descent life or making efforts to correct their mistakes. Currently I rely on your support to enable me walk through the road of change. Getting back my passport from your department would be a paramount support that would enable me to achieve the change that I desire. I acknowledge the existence of fears that I might flee out of the country due to the trouble that I got involved. However, I would like to bring to your consideration that I have no any plans to flee the country. In addition, I am committed to go through the entire judicial process for the interest of my Canadian citizenship and the plaintiff. Canada is not only my county of residence but also my home. Although I was not born in Canada, I have lived in the country since I was eight year old. I have also received all my education in Canadian schools and therefore all my investments are in the country. Fleeing from Canada would be like going to another planet since all my friends and family live in Canada. In addition my father who has special value and love for the country has invested over $200, 000 for our family to acquire full Canadian citizenship. Currently I am in the last stage of acquiring a permanent residence card and therefore your assistance would be vital. I hope that my request and regrets would find a place of consideration in your honoured court. I also appreciate and honour the assistance that you will accord me through the release of my passport. Your assistance would go a long way in consoling my aged father, worried friends, family members and

History of Western Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Western Civilization - Essay Example The key enlightenment figures began with sets of philosophers that began to perceive reality in an alternative manner. Descartes and Lebiniz were two of the leading figures with the concept of self – evident reasons to create ideals. This was followed with concepts such as through Newton, with created a scientific basis that experience and experiment were the two formations of knowledge, as opposed to reason and belief. The philosophies continued with the artists of the time, such as Voltaire, who created the belief that science should be regarded as ahead of the metaphysical. Each of the philosophers during this time based the Enlightenment on reason as opposed to spirituality and belief that was practiced in the culture (Porter, 3). The concept of the enlightenment was followed by scientists, politicians and religious leaders who either accepted or rejected the notion of reason and science being before belief. The scientists were split into several groups that experimented i n different ways. For instance, the materialists, such as La Mettrie, created an understanding of how the mind and the soul coincided and how the physical was a reflection of the spiritual. David Hume, Darwin and Newton followed this with disagreements that led into the practical, such as basic physics and mechanics of how the world worked. This was followed by politicians, such as Adam Smith and William Burke, which believed that science should be combined with politics for more practical and reasonable associations with the functioning of society (Porter, 25). The goal of the enlightenment figures was to take out the superstition and beliefs that led society. The main association was to create an understanding of abstract reason. It was believed that the power of reason could create a status quo that could lead into a Utopian future. The beliefs were followed by the understanding that those who used reason and rationalization for all concepts could easily find a way to reform soci ety and culture. The reason was one which was required to come from scientific discoveries and beliefs which gave a physical and practical understanding to how the world worked and what was done in the world. Within these thoughts were several associations with how this related to production. The reason was followed by scientists who were focused on discovering and observing attributes in nature as well as politicians and philosophers that were finding reasonable ways to rule and guide society and culture into new forms of knowledge (Porter, 2). The concept of reason that the key thinkers in the Enlightenment held also led to specific ideologies about religion. Most believed that religion was led by superstition and ignorance, as opposed to having knowledge about how the world functioned. This was followed by the concept of having a sense of freedom for religion. The historical time frame had led society into forced religion, specifically with the Catholic Church. This was followed by outbreaks that divided the church into sectors. During this time, there was a movement forward with the belief that religion should be free choice. Most who were considered a leader in the Enlightenment didn’t believe in Church based concepts and instead insisted that they were evils of society. Instead, there was a belief in a natural religion that allowed free thought and natural

Social Gender Essay Example for Free

Social Gender Essay Gender is a collection of expectations and privileges that is assigned to people of a different sex. Sex is a determination made through the application of socially agreed upon biological criteria for classifying a person as male or female. Everyone can relate to social gender roles and the effect it has on the person we are today. Lorber in Night to his Day: The Construction of Gender says, everyone does gender unknowingly due to it being done so often. Without us recognizing we are shaped and forced into doing gender by others and society. Gender roles give certain people a certain around sorority and social status levels as to males being masculine strong individuals, who brings home the bacon, who are independent and able to take care of the needs of himself and his family. On the other hand females in western society have be seen as being feminine, nurturing, beautiful, loving, takes care of all house duties, and always have a meal prepared for her husband when he is finished his long day at work. Lorber says, In todays society gender roles are drastically changing for men and women. Today fathers are taking care of little children, girls and little boys are wearing unisex clothing and getting the same education, women and men are working at the same Job (336). Dating back to over 100 years ago gender roles and differences have been very strict, we see in todays society that it is drastically changing and that males and females are able to accomplish the same task. Lots of students may have misconceptions on gender in society today. Gender is not always understood due to the drastic change in the roles in society today. It is not always evident how it has an effect on our lives and how it has molded us into the persons we are today. Without knowing many students do gender unknowingly through everyday activities, such as what we wear, how we talk, and the way we act around one another. By freshman students reading Lorbers, Night to his Day: The Construction of Gender it will give them understanding on social gender and how it is changing in society today. Gender before was attached to a person by the way you look, act, and do thing different things. As seen in earlier times, men have worked outside their homes, being the main source of income for their family. As for that they held some of the most powerful positions and Jobs in society, such Lawyer, and politician. Women on the other hand, ruled the home. They were expected to stay home raise children and have an evening meal prepared for or another stereotypical female position. Now females are high ranking officials, judges and are making huge impacts on life today.

Review Of Related Literature And Studies Psychology Essay

Review Of Related Literature And Studies Psychology Essay This chapter includes discussion on related foreign and local studies, reviewed by the researcher which provides relevant facts about Self-Perception and relationship of CEU Nursing Student with Broken Family. Navarro (1990) revealed that solo parenting is a difficult road, though at the end youre glad you saw it through because the real rewards are having a happy, healthy kid and being a better person for it. Solo parents want to be reassured that they are not damaging their children. Some experts are reassuring, as in an article that appeared in a professional journal. This review of social psychological research into female-headed families conducted between1970-1980 concludes that theoretically, children do not need the presence of the same sex/opposite-sex parents in the family in order to develop sex-role behavior. Children in female-headed families are likely to have good emotional adjustment, good self-esteem except when they are stigmatized, intellectual development comparable to others in the same socio-economic status. It is possible for a solo woman or man to satisfy all of a childs parental needs? Its an important question these days because there are more and more such families. The largest number, of course, is those headed by women who are separated. And relatively small but growing of women are choosing to raise a child their own or an adopted child-without the help of a partner. We can learn something about the best ways solo parents to raise their children if we first consider how children benefit from the presence of both parents. Boys and girls learn to think, feel and behave primarily from identification with their parent of the same sex, particularly when theyre between the ages of three and six. We see this in the way boys imitate their fathers and girls imitate their mothers, but children are leaving other important lessons as well. Through their interaction and partial identification with their parent of the opposite sex (and the inevitable romantic attachment that they go through at this age), children begin to acquire some of their intuition and understanding about the opposite sex. And as children see how their parents live together, their future ability to have good relationship with the opposite sex- not only as lovers, but as friends and co-workers is influenced. But even in nuclear families children are inspired by adults than their parents- whether its teachers, coaches, sports figures or other idol they latch onto. What does all of this mean for the parents raising her children on her own? And what factors can contribute to her success? Lets first consider the case in which a solo father lives within visiting distance and is concerned with fulfilling his responsibility to his children. Children can gain a great deal from their father even though he lives apart from them if they are able to visit him regularly or if he maintains frequent, steady contact through letters and phone calls. Fostering such closeness is the most effective and easiest way for a mother to make-up for the fathers absence. Foreign Literature In the United States, the effects of single-parent family life on children fall into two categories: (1) those attributed to the lower socioeconomic status of single parents and (2) the short-term consequences of divorce that moderate over time. Four factors are predictive of U.S. childrens adjustment to the divorce of their parents: the passage of time, the quality of the childrens relationship with their residential parent, the level of conflict between parents, and the economic standing of the childrens residential family. In the first few years after a divorce, the children have higher rates of antisocial behavior, aggression, anxiety, and school problems than children in two parent families. However, some of these problems may be attributed to a decrease in available resources and adult super-vision; many of the negative effects disappear when there is adequate supervision, income, and continuity in social networks (McLanahan and Sandefur 1994). In mother-only families, children tend to experience short-and long-term economic and psychological disadvantages; higher absentee rates at school, lower levels of education, and higher dropout rates (with boys more negatively affected than girls); and more delinquent activity, including alcohol and drug addiction. Adolescents, on the other hand, are more negatively affected by parental discord prior to divorce than by living in single-parent families and actually gain in responsibility as a result of altered family routines (Demo and Acock 1991). Children in single-mother homes are also more likely to experience health-related problems as a result of the decline in their living standard, including the lack of health insurance (Mauldin 1990). Later, as children from single-parent families become adults, they are more likely to marry early, have children early, and divorce. Girls are at greater risk of becoming single mothers as a result of nonmarital childbearing or divorce (McLanaha n and Booth 1989). Although the research findings are mixed on long-term effects, the majority of children adjust and recover and do not experience severe problems over time (Coontz 1997). A common explanation for the problems found among the children of single parents has been the absence of a male adult in the family (Gongla 1982). The relationship between children and non-custodial fathers can be difficult and strained. Fathers often become disinterested and detached from their children; in one study more than 60 percent of fathers either did not visit their children or had no contact with them for over a year. The loss of a father in the family can have implications beyond childhood (Wallerstein and Blakeslee 1989). However, the lack of a male presence may not be as critical as the lack of a male income to the family. The economic deprivation of single-parent family life, in combination with other sources of strain and stress, is a major source of the problems experienced by both parents and children. 1 Religious Involvement and Childrens Well-Being: What Research Tells Us (And What It Doesnt) According to Lisa J. Bridges, Ph.D., and Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D., Prosocial and Moral Values and Behavior Research findings from early adolescence are consistent in supporting a positive association between religiosity and socially beneficial (or prosocial) and altruistic attitudes and behavior. 2 Religions and religious organizations generally promote the ideas of helping others and concern for the greater good by providing opportunities for community service. 3 Moreover, acceptance of the moral tenets of a religious faith may be instrumental in the development of a healthy sense of responsibility and even guilt that may lead adolescents to avoid wrongdoing or to make amends when they have done wrong. 4 Other findings seem less clear-cut. For example, one study found a somewhat stronger association between religious involvement and altruistic behavior than between religious involvement and altruistic values. 5 This may be due, in part, to the frequent inclusion of service activities within religious education and youth fellowship programs. For some adolescents, altruistic behaviors (such as participating in charity events, and donating time and effort to helping others) may reflect participation in a group (such as a church youth group) in addition to, or rather than, a personal commitment to helping others. In other words, religious activities may represent a pathway to prosocial behavior. Personality and Mental Health Research is thin on the relationship between adolescents involvement in religion and personality and mental health. Theoretically, religiosity is expected to be linked to better mental health and emotional well-being. Religious beliefs can serve as a resource for coping with lifes difficulties (The Lord never gives you more than you can bear); moreover, belief in Gods love and feelings of acceptance within a religious community may enhance ones sense of selfworth. Relatively few studies have been conducted in this area, however. And those studies that do exist find that the association between religious involvement and belief and adolescents self-esteem (the most frequently examined topic) is generally small and frequently not statistically significant.23 However, while the evidence that being religious has a positive effect on adolescents mental health and personality tends to be fairly weak, there is no indication in research studies of negative effects of religiosity on any aspect of well-being. Methodological Concerns Current measures of religiosity in childhood and adolescence are inadequate. As noted earlier, most studies of religiosity in adolescence (and the very few studies of religiosity in childhood) use snapshot measures of religious practice and beliefs, which do not allow for tracking behavior or making comparisons over time. Further, no measures of religiosity unique to younger children were found in our review, which explains our emphasis in this brief on adolescents. In the rare studies that do include preadolescent children, measures tend to be adaptations of the same measures used with older adolescents and adults. The almost exclusive reliance on responses to questionnaires represents another limitation of existing research studies on religiosity and wellbeing. Moreover, the questions used to tap religiosity vary widely across different surveys,28 suggesting that the research literature would benefit from greater standardization of terminology and measures (although, given the inad equacy of current measures, it is too soon to determine which existing measures, if any, may be most useful). Also, frequently the questionnaires used include only one or a few questions (for example, how often respondents attend religious services or how central they consider religion to their life). Information derived in this way may not be able to capture the varying levels of religious belief and practice or the complexity of the religious experience in respondents lives. The lack of longitudinal studies limits understanding of the importance of religiosity in childhood and adolescence in a number of ways. In order to fully address the individual, family, and community influences that predict religiosity or to examine the extent to which religiosity in childhood and adolescence promotes future well-being studies are needed that follow individuals across time. The dearth of such long-term studies means, for example, that we currently cannot say that participating in religious activities when an adolescent is 13, for instance, is related to how well or how poorly that adolescent will do at age 21 on varied measures of well-being. Few studies have used multivariate analyses that take account of confounding factors that may be associated with both religiosity and outcomes. (Multivariate analysis is a method for examining three or more variables at the same time.) Lack of consideration of such factors may lead researchers to overestimate the effects of religious involvement on well-being. For example, being involved in religion may be affected by family and neighborhood factors, such as family structure, risks in the neighborhood, and poverty. These can influence proximity to houses of worship and the capacity to attend services frequently and become actively involved. Few studies have considered possible differences in the impact of religious involvement on subgroups of adolescents. The strength of the effects of religious involvement on adolescent well-being may be influenced by gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or neighborhood characteristics. However, few studies to date have s ystematically evaluated the effects of the characteristics of adolescents and their environments. Failure to do so may lead to over- or underestimation of the importance of religion for different groups of adolescents. For example, in a study described earlier, it was found that religion had a stronger positive influence among adolescents living in distressed neighborhoods than among adolescents living in more stable neighborhoods. 6 The responsibility of raising the children alone carries the stigma of a failed marriage. The chances of succeeding professionally let alone attaining a position of leadership seemed difficult to imagine. According to Reyes it was more advantageous to be a solo parent, in the sense that there is more harmony in their home. To them, there is only one policy and one discipline they were following. Being solo parent is a tough job, he said. The responsibility of shouldering the double burden can be physically and emotionally draining. For other people, being a solo parent may be disadvantageous especially on financial side. In addition to what Reyes started, many parent with financial problems, find them overworked, tired, and as a result become more easily upset and irritable. Bringing up children is a delicate issue; one has to go by instincts in dealing with them. For example, one policy may work for one child but not for the others. Some children can be easily persuaded or motivated while others need to be intimidated, so others usually play it by ear. For some parenting tips Pijuan advised that parent should let their children know that they loved. So that no matter how angry the parent are, no matter how much discipline those parents tried to instill, they will understand that it is for the sake of discipline and not because parents hate them. According to Robert Kilpatrick (1992), he was simply showing love for his daughter, giving her his time and trying to see the world through her eyes. Mothers, fathers, bring a unique presence, a special strength to raising children, says Ray Guarendi, a clinical psychologist and a writer of books entitled Back to the Family. Guarendis book (1993), shows that traditional values, rooted in the bed rock of mutual trust, truth and unconditional love, are still the keys for successful childbearing, and in this setting, fathers bring special gifts to parenting. Sometimes fatherly instincts come easily; sometimes, they have to be cultivated. Culled from real life experienced, is what kids need most from a dad. Someone who shows his love for them. Someone who will spend time with them.Guarendi noted that some of the most important memories kids latch on to about their parents evolve from routine moments in family life. Someone who can see the world through a childs eyes. This is one of the most overlooked rules for a father. Someone who will set limits. Parents reluctant to discipline their children have forgotten an intuition that kids have about discipline and freedom. Furthermore, Liza Ang(1994) said that fathers and mothers can best promote the development of their children in three major ways: Understanding a childs basic needs; Motivating the child behavior and; Serving as models of appropriate behavior. In the study made by Elizabeth Adeva (1994) on the parenting behavior of parents, there should be a better understanding between parents and children, researching out must come both ways. Parents should continually be interested in their childrens welfare. On the other hand, Grace Estanio (1994) found out that parents who show genuine concern for their childrens emotional welfare may find it relatively easier to open lines of communication in the home. Another related study is that Elizabeth Ortega (1995) she pointed that a common parental crime is the lack or even absence of respect for childrens feelings. High regards for our youngsters, sensibility ought to be given prime consideration. In the study made by Nord (1982), after separation, the solo parent is usually glad to have the children with him or her. Everything else seems to have fallen apart, but as long as solo parents have their children, they retain their parental function. Their childrens need for them reassures them of their own importance. The mothers success as a parent becomes even more important to counteract the feelings of low self-esteem that result from separation. Feeling depressed, she knows she must bounce back for her children. Yet after a short period the mother comes to realize that her children do not fill the void by her separation. When a man separates his wife, or vice versa, a family is being broken apart. And when children are a part of that family, its not just the adults who suffer. It has long been recognized that the initial impact of separation can be extremely traumatic for children of all ages. But on the other hand, popular opinion also held that since children were resilient by nature, after the initial shock they tended to adjust or bounce back very quickly. As a result, most professional studies concentrated on the long-range effects separation had on the parents. Recently that trend has changed- it is now recognized that the greatest victims of the separation experience are the children. Kelly (1989), stated that is you are a solo parent your children have a right to love, stability and a future. You are still a family. You are not somehow less of a person because you are in a new role. To provide the environment of success for your children, you have to know you can make it. Nothing breeds confidence like success. One of the biggest problem to a mother is being depressed, worried, and self-concern. Second problem having a lowered standard of living. The concerns of being a mothers is directly affected their children. They cant able to provide the care and other necessities of their children as they felt they should. The study found that with women, earning capacity proves to be a direct determinant of happiness and well-being. Women who did not reach college and who are in the lowest income group are approximately twice as likely to become depressed as the problem of child-raising as those who are educated and hold high-paying, professional jobs, blue-collar women earning low income are three times more apt to complain of lowered standards of living than those in the higher bracket. High wage-earners, on the other hand, have a different problem. Almost a third of them claim that their involvement with members of the opposite sex is the most trying part of solo parenting. Who are in process of divorce is a one of the hardes situation to be in. sometimes happeni between couple, that concerns most people. Somehow divorce is hurtful on both partner to those who undergo, the children end up with the greatest amount of problems. This is a challenge to a child that can develop and not always seen by the naked eye, and do not always come to the surface right away. Sometimes children try to stop the divorce of their mother and father, but some of it will just accept what happened. Some of the children will tell that they are happy for what the decision they had. This is not really the case, as one would see if he or she talk with the child for a while. There are lot of things that divorce does to a family, and there are lot of things that can affect to their children. In some situation the effect are rarely positive and helpful in the perception of others. Divorce has many negative effects on the psychological and social aspects of a childs life. There are lot of psychological aspects on a childs life that can change when their parents undergo to a divorce. As previously mentioned by the researcher a child may not appear initially how they feel about the divorce, but the real feelings of that child will appear in some time. The researcher in an article of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry says, children incorporate repertoires of hatred, impulsive, and violent behavior into their own behavior as a result of observing their parents responses to rage and frustration. A lot of children who are really the witness in the process of divorce of their parents. It will become natural to a child . The child naturally looks to their parents for the example of how to handle certain situations and emotions. In the process of divorce there is so much bitterness and aggression that is expressed by one of them or both parents of that child. To a child who witness this situation is not healthy for them for several reason . The main reasons is that the child can develop some attitudes that is not appropriate. For example being angry and aggression to their parents situation. One of the tools of a child in solving their problems is being angry and the aggressive felt by.. The child becomes like the parents and it has negative impact to others because of not knowing or understanding how to control these feelings. They may often violently lash out to those around him or her that can affect these feelings to occur. It really affect the childs behavior it can result to the next psychological problem that divorce has to their. One of the major effect of divorce is depression. Based on the study conducted by Hetherington, Stanley-Hagan Anderson, they emphasized that there is a greater effect on children the way their parents interact with each other rather than the actual divorce itself. In fact, it is hard to distinct the effects of divorce from a broken relationship. In this way, the bad effect of divorce may be traced back in the individuals differences before the divorce itself, unfortunately these negative effects is related to emotional conflicts and separation which can proceeds to legal divorce. In general, individuals who have experienced a family conflict have a more difficult time catching up with their studies and their extra-curricular activities in school rather than individuals who have a complete family or blended families (Carlos, 1995). However, every child has a different way on adjusting to parental divorce or separation. In some circumstances, children that is a product of a divorce family show only a small negative effect that last for a short period of time; and in few circumstances, some children exhibit a poor adjustment to the negative effects of parental divorce. According to Dacey and Travers, not all children from a broken family exhibits negative effects, some of them grow strong and healthy and later they are the one who supports their family. On what way children become more successful in adjusting to parental divorce? Based on studies conducted by Carlson and Hines, they concluded that children can easily accept the reality of having a broken family if the parents provide continues and coordinated parenting, this can be done if they continue to monitor and discipline their children. This new parenting role requires a problem solving approach, in this approach both the separated parents hide their own problems and conflicts to their children and avoids having disagreements or criticizing each other in front of their children. Accepting the idea of having a broken family can cause some emotional problems to children, this problem sometimes end up of having trouble in meeting their academic and social expectations at school. Simons, Gordon, Conger and Lorenx said that emotional aspects of divorce include feelings of anxiety, depression, guilt and aggression. In most cases, parental separation affects childrens sense of well-being and lowers their self-esteem. Many studies had conducted and reveal that a great number of couples planning to have a divorce refuse to believe that divorce can cause a negative effect on their children. A study conducted by the Institute of American Values that was released in 2002 reveals that unhappily married adults who end up in a divorce doesnt exhibit any emotional or psychological improvements compared to those couples who stayed married for the rest of their lives. According to several studies, divorce doesnt improve your emotional health but instead it makes your emotional health worse. This is due to the stress and financial burden a couple is facing during the divorce process. These are some of facts about divorce you might not knowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 1. A study created by the Institute for American Values reveals that eight out of 10 couples who dont continue on the idea of divorce become happy couples five years later. 2. Almost half of American children see their parents break up in person. Then half of them will also witness the breakup of their parents second marriage. Many couples engage in divorce and then end up remarrying another individual without knowing the true reason of their marriage problem with their first marriage. This is the main reason why second marriage divorce rate is higher compare to the first marriage. Foreign Studies According to the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, teenagers that is raised by a single-parent or in a blended family are three times more likely to seek a psychological help within a given year. These are some of the other outrageous statistics about the effect of divorce on children: According to Dawson (Family Structure and Childrens Health and Well-being Journal of Marriage and the Family), twenty to thirty-five percent of children who are living with both biological parents are physically healthy than those from broken homes. Children who have divorced parents have greater possibility to experience injury, asthma, headaches and speech defects than those children whose parents are intact. According to Wallerstein (The Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Children Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1991), after six years of parental marriage separation, a study of children revealed that even though many years have passed, these children still feel lonely, unhappy, anxious and insecure. According to McLanahan and Sandefur (Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps Harvard University Press 1994), Children who have divorced parents are approximately two times more expected to drop out of high school than those children whose parents are intact. According to Angel and Worobey (Single Motherhood and Childrens Health), fifty percent of children with divorced parents are more probable to develop health problems than those with intact parents. According to Fagan, Fitzgerald and Rector (The Effects of Divorce On America), fifty percent of those children who are born this year with both parents, before reaching their 18th birthday, they will experience the divorce of their parents. Hopefully these statistics may ultimately cause you and your spouse to sincerely consider all the cost of divorce before you make the final choice. Based on these statistics, it becomes clear that children need secure, loving homes with both parents. There is, of course an omission to every rule, and in this case it is households where violence is taking place. Children should under no situation remain in a violent ambiance that is unsafe for them. If both of you have just grown apart, or fell out of love and if there is no violence enchanting place in your marriage, for your childrens sake, I advise you to seek out help for your marriage before you give up completely. It has been expected in the United States today that almost half of all couples that walk down the aisle will rashly have divorce, but how about the clause until death do us part? Over time, there have been many theories obtainable as to why divorce occurs and why these tolls have enlarged so radically over the last 30 years. Some think that the country may take part in a role; others suppose that the span of the courtship plays an significant piece; cohabitation preceding to wedding increases the chance that separation will result; or not cohabitating prior to marriage may add as the evolution era is too stressful; still others think that the separation progression is too simple; if laws were stricter and divorces were further hard to get, these divorce statistics would get better over era. At this era, although elevated, the separation tempo has decreased to some extent lessening the minds of the American public. There is still small hope that these information will ever diminish completely. In this fast paced civilization that we exist in nowadays, it must to be simple for us, the American public, to be aware of this phenomenon. The standard American Family has both parents in the place of work, financial stress, job discontent, children in school activities and sports, high demand lifestyles and generally small time to center on the familys group cohesiveness. Although Waite and Lillard (1991) viewed that children, especially young children, present and improve marital steadiness, environmental stressors and everyday labor are often more than a parental relationship can endure. These standard stressors alone can make much chaos, turmoil and in time lead to marital damage, argument and divorce. There is a current data which supports that stress in a broken family is mostly affecting the children. Divorce is seen, as the cause of the negative events and psychological distress to the youths. One explanation purposed by Katherine Effects on Adult Relationships Many studies show that family conflict was typically a strong precursor to divorce and lead children from divorced families to rate their relationships as having greater family conflict. Those from intact families reported more cohesion, expressiveness, sociability, and idealization and less conflict than those from divorced families. However, coming from a divorced family did not affect young adults self-esteem, fear of intimacy, or relationship satisfaction, but it did affect fears and expectations for divorce (Kirk, 2002). In-depth studies strongly indicate that the attitudes surrounding marriage and success in marriage is transmitted between generations in divorced families. Men and women from divorced families tend to score significantly lower on several measures of psychological well-being and more likely to be divorced themselves (Franklin, Janoff-Bulman, Roberts; 1990). This trend has the potential to have social impact on our culture because the evidence suggests that adult children of divorce have relationship problems that lead to divorce in their marriages as well, which could lead to a perpetual cycle of this phenomenon. Perhaps the greatest problem associated with divorce is that it does appear to be a cyclical phenomenon. An estimated 40% to 50% of children born in the U.S. in the 1980s experienced parental divorce (Fine, Moreland, Schwebel, 1983). Women who experience parental divorce have a 60% higher divorce rate than their counterparts; while men whose parents divorced have a 35% higher rate of divorce than men whose parents remained married (Glen Shelton, 1983). It seems clear that people from divorced families are more likely to be divorced themselves and therefore convey the impression that marital dissolution is more acceptable. Amato (1987) states that adult children of divorce feel more pessimistic about their chances of life-long marriage and evaluate divorce less negatively than do other young adults. Students experiencing post-divorce conflict were more likely to have engaged in premarital sexual intercourse, their satisfaction with their current relationship was lower, and they showed a decline in the parent-child relationship. These adult children of divorce also expressed more difficulty in finding people with whom they could establish relationships (Morris West, 2001). Judith Wallerstein (2004) has been one of the leading researchers on the phenomenon of divorce and its impact on adult relationships. Her 25 y

Types of motivation

Types of motivation Five Types of Motivation: Have you ever wondered what drives you, to want to become a better person? That feeling you get when you want to accomplish something that seems out of reach, that feeling that makes you do dumb things that you know you should not do, but do it anyway so a certain someone would like you better. That feeling that made you want to work harder in class to get that gold star up by your name, or that fear of being punished if you did not work harder. Well each one of those feelings is a different type of motivation. What is motivation? â€Å"Motivation is internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal. Motivation is the energizer of behavior and mother of all action. It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expect ations of the individual and of his or her significant others. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2009) There is many different types of motivation but the five main ones that I will cover in this paper are Achievement motivation, Socialization motivation, Incentive motivation, Fear motivation, and Change motivation. Achievement motivation is the motivation that a person gets when they want to attain a goal. It is that drive that makes you do what needs to be done to reach that goal no matter what the cost. This form of motivation can be related to a track and field athlete. That sprinter knows that his competitor is a few seconds faster than he is. So that athlete is going to feel that drive to practice harder and longer to become that few seconds faster to win. If there is a goal that needs to be reached Achievement motivation is most likely to be used. Most individuals with high Achievement motivation have distinctive characteristics witch separate them from their peers. First they like to put themselves in situations where they can take a personal responsibility for their finding solutions to problems. This gives them a personal satisfaction for their achievements. A second characteristic of Achievement motivation people is that they like to set moderately high goals. This will give that person more personal satisfaction for reaching them goals. Another distinctive characteristic of high achievers is that they love to get feedback on their performance. Socialization motivation is the motivation that drives people to act or do certain things to fit in. The dictionary definition of Social motivation is â€Å"An incentive or drive resulting from a sociocultural influence that initiates behavior toward a particular goal.† (Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 2009) This motivation is most evident when there is a lot of peer pressure. Some people use this motivation to gain feeling of acceptance or being equal to their peer group. Some examples of socialization motivation could be that young kid being passed that first drink, being told that he is not cool if he doesnt drink it. Incentive motivation is influenced by beliefs, that if they accomplish the task they will receive a reward. Incentive motivation is closely linked to achievement motivation. The only difference is that with incentive motivation, your drive is to attain that reward after you reached that goal. Whereas achievement, is more focused on just attaining the goal itself. Fear motivation is mostly used when incentives do not work. This motivation is the drive to do things because the fear of punishment or failure. Fear motivation is the fastest acting tactics to motivate someone to do something. An example of this motivation is the motivation you feel when you see that speed limit sign and want to go a little faster but are scared of that cop that could be up the road waiting for you. Or when someone shoots at you and you become motivated to run a lot faster. Another example of this is test anxiety or fear of failure. Having this fear will get you to study harder or concentrate little better to succeed. â€Å"Most of this research fails to distinguish among the components of test anxiety or to recognize it as only the negative side of motivation, that is, only half the story of the performance in evaluative situations. The positive side of motivation (e.g., need for achievement) is also aroused in evaluative situations and makes a contribution. (Har old F. Oneil, 1994) Fear motivation always points out consequences you will receive if you dont do or accomplish certain tasks. Change motivation is the push you feel when you want to bring change in your life or surroundings. Its that motivation you feel to get out in your front yard to cut that grass because you are sick of seeing it long every day. Its the motivation you get after you become tired of how things are and seek ways to improve it and make it better. These five theories of motivation are just a few types that drive you to be the person you have become today, and that will push you to become a better person and make you want to improve yourself every day. Now knowing each one of these five types of motivation, you know what gets you through each day. References BusinessDictionary.com. (2009). BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 11 19, 2009, from BusinessDictionary.com: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/motivation.html Harold F. Oneil, M. D. (1994). Motivation : theory and research. Hilsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Mosbys Medical Dictionary. (2009). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 11 25, 2009, from The Free Dictionary: social motivation

National Defense: A Political Perspective Essay -- essays research pap

National Defense: A Political Perspective   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The defense of our nation has always been a strong issue throughout America’s political history. Although our nation has not existed a long period of time, our country has had to take up arms to make the world safe for democracy many times. Liberals and conservatives are also constantly up in arms over the issue of the best way to defend the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the foremost issues in the ongoing debate is that of a Ballistic Missile Defense program. The idea was first pitched during the tense period of the Cold War. Colin Powell, a prominent conservative, saw Missile Defense â€Å"at the time the time not as a Utopian dream but as a useful way of throwing a scare into the war planners of the Soviet Union†(Keller, 1). Typically, Republicans as far back as Ronald Reagan have embraced the idea of a â€Å"Shield† against the hostile intentions of any nation with ballistic missiles, but many remain skeptical of a technological dependence that such a system would incur. George W. Bush believes in a limited Missile Defense program, but in order to institute advanced testing of the technology, a way around the A.B.M. treaty would have to be found. This treaty was made in order to reduce the nuclear arsenal of both Russia and the United States. Conservatives generally embrace the program as a viable solution to one of the nation’s top priority’s in homeland defense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

Friedrich Engels Essays -- Biography Communism engels Essays

Friedrich Engels During the time of the industrial era, there were many people upset over the manner in which the nations were being run. They were upset with the idea of capitol gain and how it was affecting people’s actions. They saw this era causing people to exploit each other with the intent of monetary gain. Those that were already part of the higher ranking class, the richer, would see reason to force the lower class, the working man, to spend his life in the new factories. He would be bullied into risking life and limb at the monstrous machines while hardly earning a penny. The working man suffered because the richer man owned the factory and consumed all the profits himself. Some men, however, saw a solution as well as the problem. They thought that if the power could be taken out of the hands of the strong and power hungry, then the working class would realize the rights they had all along. The constant struggle for power would be eliminated and so society would become better . Two of these men were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx had received all the recognition while Engels has been shunted off the pages of history. He did, however, still have an impact on the development of communism. Friedrich Engels was born on November 28, 1820 in Barmen, Germany. Engels began to learn the family business rather early, being the oldest son of an auspicious industrialist.1 Engels studied commerce and worked for his father as an office clerk from 1837 to 1841. But this was not his only focus. He also tried his hand at poetry as did his future friend Marx. Like Marx, his attempts did not gain him any recognition in the literary world. By his eighteenth year he had sworn off poetry all together. This was... ...e story of his life. Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1962. 3. Mehring, Franz. Karl Marx: The story of his life. Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1962. 4. Modern History Sourcebook: Friederich Engels: Industrial Manchester, 1844 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1844engels.html 5. Anderson, Thornton. Masters of Russian Marxism. New York: Appelton-Century- Crofts, 1963. 6. BIOGRAPHICAL ARTICLE ON ENGELS, Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Vol. 6, 14th ed., Leipzig and Vienna, 1893. Translated into English by Progress Publishers 7. BIOGRAPHICAL ARTICLE ON ENGELS, Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Vol. 6, 14th ed., Leipzig and Vienna, 1893. Translated into English by Progress Publishers 8. Marx and Engels. Reminiscences of Marx and Engels. Moscow: Foreign Lauguages Publishing House.

Character Motivations in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller

Motivations In the play, The Crucible,by Arthur Miller.Many characters have desires that drive them to pursue certain things.This affects the plot in many ways.In this puritan society,people strongly cared what other people think of them and how their reputation stands in the village.They always strive to make sure their actions reflect wisely on their names.A major motivation John Proctor,Abagail,and Parris share is pride in their names,which eventually leads to their ultimate downfall. When the play sets in action, John has had a past affair with his servant, Abigail Williams. His wife, Elizabeth Proctor, is very forgiving of his sin, but John has his mind set that he will not confess to anyone else, in fear of ruining his good name and reputation. The affair between John and Abigail causes the start of chaotic witchery and accusation. After the affair, Abigail becomes horribly jealous of Elizabeth Proctor. Proctor realizes there is only one way to stop all the witch hysteria in Salem, and that would be to admit to adultery which is considered a sin. . Also in the beginning R...

Boy Bawang

Concepts of State and Government State – is a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory and a government. Elements of State 1. People – this refers to the mass of population living within the state. 2. Territory – it includes not only the land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends; but also the rivers and lakes therein. 116 square miles or 300,440 square kilometers 3. Government – it refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated expressed and carried out. 4.Sovereignty – the term may be defined as the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction. a) Internal – or the power of the state to rule within its territory b) External – or the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states. Origin of state theories 1. Divine Right Theory †“ it holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by god to govern the people. 2. Necessity or Force Theory – it maintains that state must have been created through force. . Paternalistic Policy – it attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family which remained under the authority of the father or mother. 4. Social Contract Theory – it asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among the people to form society and organize government for their common good. Forms of Government a) Monarchy – or one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of this election or the nature or duration of his tenure.Monarchies are further classified into 1. Absolute monarchy – or one in which the ruler rules by divine right 2. Limited Monarchy – or one in which the ruler rules in accordance with a constitution. b) Aristocracy – or one in which political power is exercised by a few privileged class which is known as an aristocracy or oligarchy. c) Democracy – or one in which political power exercised by a majority of the people. Democratic governments is further classified into; 1. Direct or pure democracy – or one which the will of the state is ormulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting. 2. Indirect Representative – or republican democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government a) Unitary Government – or one in which the control of national and local affairs is exercised b) Federal Government – – or one in which the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs.Relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government a) Parl iamentary Government – or one in which the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. b) Presidential Government – or one in which the state makes the executive constitutionally independent of the legislature. Other forms of Government a) Civil Government – one in which the affairs of the state are administrated and directed by the citizens or their representatives. ) Military Government – established and administered by a belligerent in the territory c) Constitutional Government – one in which the powers of those who rule are defined and limited in their exercised d) Despotic Government – one in which the powers of those who rule are not defined and limited in their exercised by a constitution e) Elective Government – one in which the state confers powers upon a person, or organization composed of persons chosen by qualified voters f) Hereditary Government – the state confers the powers of government upon a person in a certain family g) Coordinate Government – government according to their nature among separate departments or bodies. h) Consolidated Government – the state confides all government powers to a single body i) De jure Government – founded on existing constitutional laws of the state and has the general support of the people j) De facto Government – existing constitutional law of the state and is maintained against the rightful authority of an established and lawful government. ) Revolutionary Government – installed whether by force or otherwise, not in accordance with the procedure prescribed in an existing constitution. Source of Constitution authority 1. The Filipino People 2. A Sovereign People 3. Belief in God Article 1 – National Territory The Terrestial, Fluvial and Aerial domains of the Philippines 1. The territorial sea – it is that part of the sea extending 12 nautical miles (1 19 kms. ) from the low-water mark. 2. The sea bed – this refers to the land that holds the sea, lying beyond the seashore, including mineral and natural resources. 3. The sub-oil – this includes everything beneath the surface soil – including mineral and natural resources. 4.Insular shelves – they are the submerged portions of a continent or offshore island. 5. Other submarine areas – they refer to all areas under the territorial sea. Three fold division of navigable waters 1. Inland or internal waters – they are the parts of the sea within the land territory. 2. Territorial sea – it is belt of water outside and parallel to the coastline or to the outer limits of the inland or internal waters. 3. High or open seas – they are waters that lie seaward of the territorial sea. Article 2 – Declaration of principles and state policies Republican government – is a democratic government by representatives chosen by the peo ple at large Sovereignty – implies the supreme authority to govern.